When it comes to fire protection, intumescent products are some of the most effective tools available. Designed to expand when exposed to high heat, these products create a barrier that slows the spread of flames and heat, buying valuable time for evacuation and firefighting efforts. Whether you’re working on a residential, commercial, or industrial project, selecting the right intumescent product is crucial to ensuring safety and compliance.
This guide explores the key factors to consider when choosing an intumescent product, including material compatibility, fire ratings, and environmental conditions.
What Are Intumescent Products?
Intumescent products are fire-resistant materials that expand when exposed to high temperatures, forming a protective barrier. Common types include:
- Intumescent Paints: Applied to structural components like steel, wood, or concrete.
- Intumescent Strips: Installed in fire doors, partitions, and glazing systems to seal gaps.
- Intumescent Coatings: Sprayed or brushed onto surfaces for large-scale protection.
The effectiveness of these products depends on selecting the right one for your specific application.
1. Material Compatibility
Not all intumescent products are suitable for every material. The first step is to identify the substrate you’re working with and choose a product designed for it.
Steel
Structural steel requires specialised intumescent paint to maintain its strength during a fire. Without protection, steel can weaken at high temperatures, leading to structural failure.
- Tip: Look for paints designed for steel that comply with fire protection standards like BS EN 13381-8.
Wood
Timber can ignite quickly, so using intumescent paints or coatings designed for wood can significantly increase its fire resistance. These products work by delaying the ignition and slowing the spread of flames.
- Tip: Ensure the product is safe for decorative wooden surfaces if aesthetics are important.
Concrete
While concrete is naturally fire-resistant, intumescent coatings can provide additional protection, particularly in high-risk environments like industrial facilities.
- Tip: Use products that prevent spalling (surface cracking) under intense heat.
Glass and Glazing Systems
Intumescent strips or seals are often used in fire-rated glazing systems to block heat and smoke from passing through.
- Tip: Choose strips compatible with the type of glass and framing used in your project.
2. Fire Ratings and Standards
Fire ratings determine how long a product can provide protection during a fire. Ratings are typically expressed in minutes, such as 30, 60, 90, or 120 minutes.
Understanding Fire Ratings
- 30 Minutes (FD30): Suitable for residential fire doors or low-risk areas.
- 60 Minutes (FD60): Commonly used in commercial and industrial settings.
- 90–120 Minutes: Required for high-risk applications, such as critical infrastructure or large public buildings.
Compliance with Regulations
In the UK, intumescent products must meet specific fire safety standards, including:
- BS 476: Covers fire resistance testing for building materials.
- BS EN 1364: Focuses on fire resistance in non-load-bearing walls and partitions.
- BS EN 13501-2: Provides classifications for fire resistance performance.
Tip: Always check the fire rating and certification of the product to ensure it meets your project’s requirements.
3. Environmental Conditions
The environment where the product will be used is another critical factor to consider. Different settings may require specific formulations or additional protective measures.
Indoor vs. Outdoor Use
- Indoor Applications: Standard intumescent paints and coatings are often sufficient for interior spaces.
- Outdoor Applications: Look for weather-resistant intumescent paints with protective topcoats to prevent degradation from UV exposure, moisture, or extreme temperatures.
High-Humidity Environments
In areas like kitchens, bathrooms, or industrial facilities with high humidity, choose intumescent products designed to resist moisture.
Temperature Fluctuations
For environments with extreme temperature variations, such as outdoor steel structures, ensure the intumescent product is designed to maintain its integrity across a wide temperature range.
4. Application Method
The method of application can affect both the product’s performance and the project’s timeline.
Paints and Coatings
- Brush or Roller Application: Ideal for smaller areas or DIY projects.
- Spray Application: Provides a smoother finish and faster coverage for large-scale projects but requires professional equipment.
Strips and Seals
- Ease of Installation: Intumescent strips and seals are straightforward to install but must be correctly positioned to function effectively.
Tip: Consider whether you’ll need professional help for application, particularly for complex or large projects.
5. Aesthetic Requirements
In many cases, intumescent products need to blend seamlessly with the building’s design. For example:
- Intumescent paints are available in a variety of colours or can be top-coated to match existing finishes.
- Strips for fire doors can be concealed within the door frame for a clean appearance.
Tip: If aesthetics are a priority, consult with the manufacturer or supplier about customisable options.
6. Cost and Longevity
While cost is always a consideration, it’s important not to compromise on quality when it comes to fire protection.
Factors That Influence Cost
- Fire Rating: Higher-rated products typically cost more but provide greater protection.
- Surface Area: Larger projects may require more material, increasing the total cost.
- Additional Coatings: Some products require a protective topcoat, which can add to the expense.
Longevity and Maintenance
- Ensure the product has a long lifespan and requires minimal maintenance.
- For outdoor applications, confirm that the intumescent product is resistant to weathering and UV damage.
7. Manufacturer Reputation and Support
Finally, choose a product from a reputable manufacturer with a proven track record in fire protection. Look for:
- Comprehensive product warranties.
- Clear instructions and technical support.
- Compatibility with other fire protection systems.
Tip: Read reviews or consult with fire safety experts to ensure you’re selecting a trusted brand.
Making the Right Choice
Selecting the right intumescent product requires a careful assessment of your project’s needs. By considering material compatibility, fire ratings, environmental conditions, and other factors, you can ensure that your chosen product provides optimal protection and meets regulatory requirements.
For expert advice and a range of high-quality intumescent products, contact Martyn Young Fireproofing Consultancy today. Our team can help you find the perfect solution to keep your project safe and compliant.